C# Variables

Variables are fundamental components in programming that store and manage data within a program. In C#, variables are strongly typed, meaning the data type of a variable must be declared before assigning a value to it. This tutorial will provide a basic understanding of C# variables.

1. Variable Declaration and Initialization

• Declaration: Variables in C# are declared by specifying the data type followed by the variable name.
• Initialization: Variables can be initialized (assigned a value) at the time of declaration or later.
  
  Have a look in the following example:

int number; // Declaration
number = 10; // Initialization

2. Data Types

• Numeric Types: int, double, float, decimal, etc.
• Boolean Types: bool (true/false).
• Character Types: char (a single character).
• String Type: string (a sequence of characters).
• Others: object, dynamic, etc.

int age = 30;       // Integer
double pi = 3.14;   // Double
bool isValid = true;  // Boolean
string name = "John";  // String

3. Variable Scope

• Local Variables: Defined within a method and can only be used within that method.
• Global Variables: Defined at the class level and accessible throughout the class.

class MyClass
{
    int x = 10; // Global Variable

    void MyMethod()
    {
        int y = 20; // Local Variable
    }
}

4. Constants

• const keyword is used to declare constants that cannot be changed.
• Constants must be initialized when declared.

const int hoursInDay = 24;

5. Naming Conventions

• Variable names should be meaningful and follow naming conventions (camelCase in C#).
• Names should start with a letter and not contain spaces or special characters.

int numberOfStudents = 50;
string userName = "Alice";

6. Summary

• Variables store data, allowing you to work with information in a program.
• C# variables are declared with a specific data type and follow specific naming conventions.

Understanding C# variables is an essential step in learning the language and creating functional applications. This guide provides a starting point to help you grasp the basics of variable usage in C#.